Haplogroups / Maternal line
G
A northeast Asian line
The story of this line
G reaches its highest frequencies in northeast Siberia, Japan and among the Ainu, and it is one of the clearer signals of the peopling of the far northeast.
What it traces
G sits on the family tree of mitochondrial DNA, passed from mother to child. Following it back means following your mother, her mother, and so on back, one unbroken thread. It says nothing about the thousands of other ancestors you had at the same depth, which is the single most common misunderstanding about haplogroups.
The route, roughly
- East African Rift about 150 thousand years ago
- Horn of Africa about 70 thousand years ago
- Arabian peninsula about 62 thousand years ago
- East Asia about 35 thousand years ago
- Northeast Asia about 20 thousand years ago
A route drawn from where the branch arose and where it is found today. It is the path of one thread through your ancestry, not a map of where your family as a whole came from.
Is G your haplogroup?
If you have taken a test with 23andMe, AncestryDNA, MyHeritage, Family Tree DNA, TellMeGen or Living DNA, the answer is already sitting in the raw data file they gave you. You do not need another test.
Sequencings reads the file in your browser. It is never uploaded, and you can confirm that in your browser’s network tab while it happens.
Common questions
What is haplogroup G?
G is a branch of the human maternal family tree, traced through mitochondrial DNA, passed from mother to child. G reaches its highest frequencies in northeast Siberia, Japan and among the Ainu, and it is one of the clearer signals of the peopling of the far northeast.
How old is haplogroup G?
It first appeared about 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, in Northeast Asia. That is a coalescence estimate with a wide margin, not a date.
How do I find out if G is my haplogroup?
If you have taken a home DNA test, the answer is already in the raw data file you were given. Sequencings reads that file in your browser and traces both lines without uploading anything.
Does haplogroup G tell me about my health?
No. Haplogroups describe one line of descent. They are not used to assess health risk, and anyone who tells you otherwise is overreaching.
Sources
van Oven M, Kayser M. 2009. Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Hum Mutat 30(2):E386-E394. http://www.phylotree.org doi:10.1002/humu.20921