rs1143634
Interleukin-1 beta, the fever signal
What this position does
IL-1 beta is the molecule that raises your body temperature during infection. Fever is a defence, not a symptom, and this variant is associated with producing more of the signal that triggers it.
Immune system. Shaped by fever and the acute response. This is one of the variants that differs sharply between human populations, because something in the environment made one version worth having.
Infection, and the cost of fighting it
For most of human history the commonest way to die young was infection. An immune system tuned to win those fights is tuned for a world that, in rich countries, no longer exists.
What changed: Industry, roughly the last two centuries. Indoor work, heated buildings, refined food, cheap salt and sugar, tobacco at scale, and a collapse in infectious disease. This is where most of the deals in your genome came undone.
Why it spread: nobody knows. The frequency difference between populations is real and measured. What the variant was worth having for is not known, and any site that tells you is guessing.
Spiral Staircase, chapter 20: The Fever and the Old Enemies Spiral Staircase is written by the same author as this site.
What each result means
| If you carry | What it means |
|---|---|
| No copies of the effect version GG | You have the lower-output version on both copies The common version. |
| One copy AG | You carry one higher-output copy Associated with somewhat higher IL-1 beta production. |
| Two copies AA | You carry two higher-output copies The same direction, more strongly. Studied in stomach cancer risk after Helicobacter infection and in gum disease, with mixed results. |
How common each version is
| Ancestry group | A (the effect version) | |
|---|---|---|
| African | 12.3% | |
| American | 12.5% | |
| East Asian | 2.3% | |
| European | 24.8% | |
| South Asian | 14.7% |
1000 Genomes Project phase 3, via Ensembl, retrieved 2026-09-23. These groupings are coarse and flatten a great deal of internal diversity, particularly within Africa. A variant being common somewhere tells you where a piece of your ancestry probably comes from, and nothing else.
How many people carry each result
| Ancestry group | GG | AG | AA |
|---|---|---|---|
| African | 509 / 661 | 142 / 661 | 10 / 661 |
| European | 278 / 503 | 201 / 503 | 24 / 503 |
| East Asian | 482 / 504 | 21 / 504 | 1 / 504 |
| South Asian | 358 / 489 | 118 / 489 | 13 / 489 |
| American | 267 / 347 | 73 / 347 | 7 / 347 |
Counts of people, not modelled frequencies: every one of the 2,504 individuals sequenced by the 1000 Genomes Project phase 3, tallied by the genotype they carry. Deriving these from allele frequencies instead would assume random mating inside each group and undercount the homozygotes.
How to find out which you have
If you have taken a test with 23andMe, AncestryDNA, MyHeritage, Family Tree DNA, TellMeGen or Living DNA, this position is very likely already in the raw data file they gave you. You do not need another test.
One thing to watch if you look it up by hand: testing companies report some positions from one DNA strand and some from the other, and the file does not say which. Read the letters as they appear and you will get the opposite of the truth for some positions. Sequencings resolves that automatically.
Source
Coordinates and allele pair verified against Ensembl GRCh37. Direction of effect verified against VEP protein consequences or 1000 Genomes population frequency. Category: Population adaptation.
Where this fits
Common questions
What is rs1143634?
rs1143634 is a position in the IL1B gene on chromosome 2. IL-1 beta is the molecule that raises your body temperature during infection. Fever is a defence, not a symptom, and this variant is associated with producing more of the signal that triggers it.
What does it mean if I have AA at rs1143634?
You carry two higher-output copies. The same direction, more strongly. Studied in stomach cancer risk after Helicobacter infection and in gum disease, with mixed results.
What does it mean if I have GG at rs1143634?
You have the lower-output version on both copies. The common version.
How do I find out my rs1143634 genotype?
If you have taken a home DNA test, this position is very likely in the raw data file you were given. Sequencings reads that file in your browser without uploading it, and resolves which DNA strand each position was reported from, which is the step most manual lookups get wrong.
This is reference information, not medical advice, and not a diagnosis. See the medical disclaimer. Category: Population adaptation.